Did you know... Young adults should be encouraged to achieve normal bone mass by getting enough calcium (1,000 mg daily) in their diet, performing weight-bearing exercise, and maintaining a normal body weight
Causes
The leading cause of osteoporosis is a lack of certain hormones, particularly estrogen in women and androgen in men. Women, especially those older than 60 years of age, are frequently diagnosed with the disease. Other factors that may contribute to bone loss in this age group include inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D, lack of weight-bearing exercise, and other age-related changes in endocrine functions.
Other conditions that may lead to osteoporosis include overuse of corticosteroids, thyroid problems, lack of muscle, and certain diseases and disorders.
Symptoms
Early in the course of the disease, osteoporosis may cause no symptoms. Later, the following symptoms may occur:
- Dull pain the bones or muscle, particularly in the lower back
- Sudden sharp pain, worsened by weight-bearing activities
- Tenderness
Treatments
Treatment for osteoporosis includes slowing loss of minerals, increasing bone density, preventing bone fractures, and controlling the pain associated with the disease. Lifestyle modification should also be incorporated into treatment, including regular exercise.
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